高中化学有机物的性质汇编（国外英文资料）.docVIP

高中化学有机物的性质汇编（国外英文资料） One, physical properties experiment There are only two experiments on the physical properties of organic matter in the current high school chemistry textbooks. (1) fractionation of oil Experiment: assemble a distillation unit, inject 100mL of oil into a distillation flask, and add a few pieces of broken porcelain to prevent the oil from boiling. Then heated, separately collected 60 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ and 150 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ fraction. Phenomena and explanations: oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, with no fixed boiling point. When heating oil, the low-boiling hydrocarbons are vaporized and separated by distillation. As the temperature rises, the high-boiling hydrocarbon is revaporized, separated by distillation. The collected 60 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ fraction is gasoline, 150 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ fraction is kerosene. (2) the salt of the protein Experiment: in a test tube with an egg white solution, slowly add a saturated (NH4) 2 SO4 or Na2SO4 solution to observe the phenomenon. Then a small amount of precipitated liquid is added to the test tube with distilled water to see if the precipitation is dissolved. Phenomenon and explanation: precipitate precipitation, precipitate precipitation can dissolve in water. The solubility of the protein is reduced by adding some concentrated inorganic salt solution to the protein solution, causing the protein to coagulation out, which is called salt analysis. Salt is a reversible process. The physical properties of organic matter also show certain laws, which are summarized as follows: (1) color: most organic matter is colorless, only a few matter have color. The product of phenol is pink. (2) the state: the number of carbon atoms in molecules not greater than 4 hydrocarbon (alkane, alkene, alkyne), hydrocarbon derivatives of methyl chloride, formaldehyde gas, gasoline, kerosene, benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, such as a liquid, the vast majority of polymer compounds under normal temperature is solid. (3) smell: in middle scho