一.主语：主语(subject).doc

一.主语：主语(subject) 一．主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)， 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。 如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2．代词用作主语。如：You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑 3．数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4．名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5．副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。 Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6．名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。 7．不定式用作主语。 如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。 8． 动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。 Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事， 制作影片则是苦事。 9． 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。 11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。 12.句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事？ (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading. 我在看书。 (2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？ (3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。 3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了 look） (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了sighed） (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)） 三．表语 表语的