城市环境天然放射性评价研究1.doc

城市环境天然放射性评价研究 作者姓名：孔繁龙 专业名称：核工程与核技术 指导教师：孙乃峰 摘 要 近年来，人们对城市环境辐射的担心越来越重，甚至发展成“恐辐”心理。经常会因为肉眼看不到的辐射给生活产生困扰，甚至影响到整个生活。对于核辐射污染，即放射性污染，常人往往只注意到现代科学研究中的核辐射核工厂里某些特殊车间产生的放射性物质造成的危害，或者医院的X射线治疗所产生的放射性造成的影响及损害，而未考虑生活中还会有放射性污染源。大量科学实验证实，过量的辐射是有害的，但是当辐射水平在比较小的范围内时，对人体是安全的、无害的。因此摸清天然性环境的辐射状况并探索有效、便捷的分析方法、测量方法显得十分必要。实际上，生活中的放射性物质能通过多种途径进入人体，造成对机体的慢性损害。随着我国社会经济的不断发展，经济发展与环保的矛盾越来越突出。相关辐射问题目前是社会上讨论的一个热点话题。本文详细介绍了城市放射性的来源、分类和影响，重点介绍电磁辐射和γ射线辐射以及它们的测量方法，对城市放射性评价方法进行了研究。 1从理论上介绍了天然放射性基本知识，天然放射性的来源，天然放射性的分类以及辐射剂量与生物效应的关系，总结辐射对人体的影响。 2介绍γ辐射原理，通过介绍γ射线机理。在U-Ra平衡的基础上进行计算，得出空气中的γ射线照射量率和土壤中放射性核素之间的相互关系。 关键字：天然放射性 照射量率 γ射线 ABSTRACT In recent years, people on city environment radiation worries heavier, and even developed into fear psychological convergence. Often because invisible radiation to life, even influenced upset the whole life. For radiological pollution, radioactive pollution, ordinary people often just noticed the math-model of modern scientific research in nuclear plant some special workshop of radioactive substances produced the damage, or hospital the X-ray treatment produces radioactive affect and harm, while not consider life will have radioactive contamination. Lots of science experiments, excessive radiation is harmful, but when radiation levels in relatively small range of human body is safe, and harmless. Therefore understanding the nature environment situation and explore effective radiation, convenient analysis methods, measuring method becomes necessary. In fact, life of radioactive substances enters the body through various ways can cause to the body, chronic damage. As Chinas economic and social development, economic development and environmental protection is becoming more and more prominent contradiction. Related radiation problems is currently on the social a hot topic discussed. This paper introduces the radioactive sources and classification of city and influence, introduced electromagnetic radiation and gamma radiation and their measurement methods