上海崇明东滩互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程.pdf

WETLAND SCIENCE MANAGEMENT Vol.12 No.3 Sept. 2016 Ecological Control of Spartina alterniflora and Improvement of Birds Habitats in Chongming Dongtan Wetland, Shanghai 上海崇明东滩互花米草生态 控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程 汤臣栋（上海市崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区管理处，上海 202183） TANG Chen-Dong (Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai 202183) 摘 要  崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护 Abstract Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve (a Ramsar 区是迁徙水鸟的重要栖息地。近10余 wetland) servers as an important habitat for the international migrants and 年来，保护区面临着互花米草Spartina  resident birds. However, the reserve was confronted with the ecological alterniflora 的入侵、鸟类栖息地退化、 risks of invasion by Spartina alterniflora, degradation of bird habitats and shrinking of native vegetation. By implementing the project of ecological 土著植被萎缩等生态问题。通过实施崇明 control of Spartina alterniflora and improvement of birds habitats, a 东滩互花米草控制和鸟类栖息地优化工 25-kilometre-long dike has been built in order to cut off the route of 程，新建了25 km长的围堤从空间上阻 expansion of S. alterniflora, and the controlling strategy of “enclosure, 断了互花米草扩张途径，并形成了“围、割、 cutting, inundation, solarization, cultivation, adjusting” was conducted 淹、晒、种、调”的生态治理方针。工程 successfully. After the eradication of S. alterniflora, shorebirds habitats, 在鸟类栖息地优化区内营造了 鹬类主栖 reed beds, waterfowl habitats, cranes habitats and monitoring zone were 鸻 息区、苇塘区、雁鸭类主栖息区、鹤类主 constructed for improvement of bird habitats, and the configuration 栖息区和科研监测管理区，并总结出各生 characteristics and management requirements of each habitat type were summarized. At the same time, the project also supported re-vegetation 境类型的地形要素与群落要素配置特点与 practices of native Scirpus mariqueter at the intertidal fl