普通物理学II（H）Chapter30(29) Capacitance and Dielectrics.pptVIP

Last time… 30-1 Capacitors (电容器) 1. Introduction A capacitor is a device whose purpose is to store electrical energy which can then be released in a controlled manner during a short period of time. A flashbulb (闪光灯):  A capacitor can draw energy from battery (several seconds s); then can release the energy through the bulb (milliseconds, ms) Laser pulse (激光脉冲): thermonuclear fusion (热核聚变) The power: 1014W, about 200 times the entire electrical generating capacitor of United States Pulses time gap: 10-9s 2. Definition of Capacitance (电容) A capacitor consists of 2 spatially separated conductors which can be charged to +q and -q respectively. The capacitance is defined as the ratio of the charge on one conductor of the capacitor to the potential difference between the conductors. Analogy with Fluid Flow 3. Calculating the Capacitance For different geometry capacitor C=? To assume a charge q on the plates Calculating E (Gauss’ Law) Calculating the difference of potential between two plates ?V Using: We can simplify the calculation of E, ?V by making certain assumptions. Example1: Parallel Plate Capacitor(平行板电容器) Recall: Two Infinite Sheets (into screen) Example:Parallel Plate Capacitor Practical Application: Microphone (“condenser”) Example 2: Cylindrical Capacitor  (圆柱形电容器) Recall: Cylindrical Symmetry Example 2Cylindrical Capacitor Example: TV signals transmit(coaxial cable) Inner radius: a=0.15mm Outer radius: b=2.1mm Capacitance per unit length: 4. Capacitors in Parallel (并联) Capacitors in Series (串联) Examples:Combinations of Capacitors Summary Appendix: Another example 30-2 Energy storage in electric field Capacitor Variables Question! Where is the Energy Stored? Energy Density Chapter 30, ACT 2 Problem 30-7 (page 687). An isolated conducting sphere whose radius R is 6.85cm carries a charge q=1.25nC. (a) How much energy is stored in the electric field of this charged conductor? (b) What is the energy density at the surface of the sphere? (c) Wha