to_do不定式分解.pptVIP

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。 不定式 结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.) (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 动词不定式的句法功能 To have an ice cream is cool. I want to see you this evening. All you should do now is to remember today’s lesson. I want a pen to write with. He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 三. 用法/ 功能 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn . (1). 主语 不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. My job to help the patient. Your task to clean the classroom. is is (2). 表语 常在系动词后面，作表语 (3) 宾语 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. think/ consider/ find /make/hear/see/feel it + adj to do (4). 宾补 advise, expect, forbid, order, persuade, want, warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 +sb to do sth The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. (5). 定语 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train. (6) 状语 In order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too….to., 常充当原因、结果、目的状语等，和独立结构。 Note: 表结果 不定式：意想不到的结果 V-ing： 顺其自然、理所应当的结果 I hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find he had already left. We adopted new methods, improving the quality of our products. 重点! Remember them! 一、-ing形式与不定式的区别 不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或