种植园农学基础 4B.ppt

Module 3: Basic Plant Science Certificate in Plantation Management Chapter 4 Structure Important Part of a Tree for Plantation Crops 4.2 Rubber Species in M’sia : Havea brasiliansis Soil : Growing mainly on well-drained soils but it also grown where brief water logging occurs, such as on high riverbank Leaves : Have trifoliate leaves Flowers : Separate male female flowers on the same inflorescence Fruit : 3 seeds Rubber fruit Commercial value : trunk produce latex log for furniture energy (fuel) Important aspects for max yield : Size of the stem; the increment in size on opening for tapping (higher yield with bigger girth for some clone)  Number of latex vassels stone cells in the bark (more latex vassels, the higher the potential for more latex - yield) (the more number of stone cells, the harder the bark, thus tapping is more difficult)  Thickness of virgin bark (the bark thickness determine the potential yield) (thicker bark avoid injuries) Renewed bark (quality of renewed bark is important; smooth, fine texture) Balanced trunk – crown ratio (to minimize bending during early years trunk snap – wind damage during maturity) 4.3 Cocoa The seedlings grown vertically until they branching to form 3 – 5 fan bunches and continue on to form other branches Cocoa leaves : large, simple, dark green when mature Cocoa pruning Optimize on the shape of the tree and control its growth to allow for maximum photosynthesis thus ensure high yield Easy access to the tree for harvesting Facilitate control of pests diseases weed control