初中英语易混词总结.docVIP

初中英语易混词总结 1say, speak, talk, tell ?? 这四个词都有“说”的意思，其用法差异主要在于各自强调的对象、内容不 同。 (1) say的意思是“说”、“讲”、“说出”，是及物动词，强调“说”的内容。不 仅可指口头“说”，而且可指书面“说”。 eg: ① He said nothing to me. 他对我什么也没说。 ?? ?② He said in his letter that he was getting on well with his life. ?????? 他在信中说，他生活得很好。 固定搭配：say hello/good bye/sorry to sb. 向某人问候/告别/道歉 ????????? say “ yes ” to sb . = agree with sb. 同意某人 ????????? say “ no ” to sb. = disagree with sb. 不同意某人 ? (2) speak表“说”、“讲”，它可以表示任何一种方式的“说话”。它着重“说话”这一动作本身，而不强调所“说”的内容。它通常为不及物动词，但它也可以作及物动词，后接the language、the truth、a word等，或接表示语言名称的名词。 ?????? eg: ①Please speak more slowly and clearly. 请说慢些和清楚些。 ???????? ??②Who is speaking? 你是谁？（打电话时用语） ???????? ??③Can you speak Japanese? 你会讲日语吗？ ?????? 固定搭配：speak to sb. 对某人说话 ???????????????? speak highly of 称赞 ???????????????? speak one’s mind 说心里话; 直言不讳 ?? (3) talk表示“交谈”、“谈话”，它指连贯地与人交谈，着重指说话的动作，而不强调说话的内容。它一般用作不及物动词。 ?????? eg: ①What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？ ???????? ??②We are talking about the Chinese football match. ????????? 我们在谈论中国足球比赛。 ?????? 固定搭配：talk with/to sb. 和某人谈话 ???????????????? talk about sb./sth. 谈论某人/某事 ???????????????? talk with sb. about sth. = talk about sth. with sb.? 和某人谈论某事 (4) tell表“告诉”、“讲述”之意，是及物动词，常强调所讲的内容，不表 示动作。 重点句式：tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事 ????????? eg: He told me nothing. = He told nothing to me. ????????? 他什么也没告诉我。 ????????? tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）去做某事 ????????? eg: He told us not to worry about him. ????????? ???他告诉我们不要为他担心。 ????????? tell sb. +that-clause/who-clause 告诉某人…… ????????? eg: He told me that he was coming. ???????????? 他告诉我说他要来。 ?固定搭配：tell… from…区分，辨别 ?????????? tell a story 讲故事 ?????????? tell the truth 讲真话 ? 2、spend, pay, cost, take (1) spend vt. “花费（时间，精力，财力等）”，行为的主体只能是人，其常用 结构是“sb. spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth. 在……上花时间/金 钱”。 eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day. ?? =I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day. ?? 我每天花两小时做家庭作业。 此外，spend 还有“度过”的意思，如 spend one’s holiday “度假”。 (2) pay vt. vi. “花费，付款”，行为的主体只能是人，其常用结构是 s