澳洲大学石油工程讲座17-6140-vessels.ppt

Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 2007 VESSELS Vessels contain gases and liquids under pressure, and represent reservoirs of energy Requires attention to design, construction, installation, operation, and inspection. Because of their “stored energy”, they present the possibility of serious hazards which are compounded in tank batteries. Selection and procurement Must be suitable to the operating conditions, safe, and of welded construction that meets ASME Boiler Vessel Code Minimum construction requirements are specified for design, fabrication, inspection, and certification Additional testing and inspection is encouraged The code does not cover vessels at operating pressures of 15 psi Coded vessels now required regardless of operating pressure Code gives suggested rules of good practice for equipment. It also lists requirements for field inspections and field repair. It includes a non-mandatory appendix. Practices suggest no less than annual internal inspection of all vessels Welding must be performed by certified welder (code) and then code certified by a code inspector Design Save time and money by purchasing manufacturer’s standard vessel from out-of-stock Production separators, small field compressors, etc., can be “off-the-shelf” Gas plants, large field gas facilities seldom use out-of-stock equipment due to safety and process requirements Terminology: ASME Code Operating pressure is the day-to-day pressure experienced by the vessel. It is a range of pressures. Design pressure must meet operating conditions. Based on the most severe combination of P and T to which the vessel will be exposed. This will determine the wall thickness of steel. DP is some margin above operating pressure and is based on 110% of MWP but no less than 50 psi, whichever is higher. However, wall thickness is never less than 1/4 inch. Maximum working pressure (MWP) is maximum pressure permissible at vessel top at normal operating position and operating temperature. Pressure bas