高中英语语法语从句总复习.docVIP

高中英语语法定语从句总复习 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 ? 句子成分 ? 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 ? 只用于限制性从句 ? ? 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 Who which ? 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that ? 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。??? (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and ?this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. ?(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 ?(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征．品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。 (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？） 关系代词which重要用法说明 ■关系代词which只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如： She was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(关系代词which指train，在从句中用作主语) He never got back the money which he had lent him. 他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。(关系代词which指money，在从句中用作宾语) ■which用于引导限制性定语从句外，还可以引导非限制定语从句。如： The ship struck an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in her side. 船碰在一座冰山上，船帮被撞出一个大洞。 She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself. 她送给我这件羊毛衫，这是她亲手织的。 This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly. 这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。 ■which有时也可用作定语，尤其用于“介词+which+名词”这类结构中，此时的which含有this或that的意味。如： He may be busy, HYPERLINK / in which case I’ll call later. 他可能忙，如若如此