產業發展與日本企業別工會.docVIP

產業發展與日本企業別工會 Industrial Development and Japanese Enterprise Labor Union Hsien-Tiung Lin Abstract After World WarⅡ,Japanese economy recovered briskly and finally developed an economic boom.Japan owed its success partly to the rapport established between management and labor.As a contributing factor,labor organization can be represented by the enterprise labor union,which was created to solve labor and social problems arising in the process of economic development.Such a success story is an inspiration to countries endeavoring to cope with this kind of problem and deserves careful study.This paper analyzes the structure of enterprise labor unior and discovers that union membership and paticipation showed a significant fall after reaching a peak,a result of socio-cultural influence and the way labor problems are handled. The structure of enterprise labor union has shown no sign of adjustment.Union activities have always been oriented to the preservation of employment. The structure of enterprise labor union has led to the stabilization of negotiation between management and labor.The status and credit given to the union have been determined by the rise and fall of the economic development.Recently the union has geared its activities towards assisting labor with their sustenance.This study reviews the situation in Japan and aims to offer findings that may facilitate the work on theory and practice of labor union in Taiwan. Keywords:Industrial Development,Japanese Enterprise Labor Union 政治大學社會系教授 林顯宗 論文摘要 戰後日本經濟快速復甦，進而達成高度成長，其促進因素之一，在於勞資關係和諧。而當中，勞動者組織以企業別工會為典型代表，其成立背景，主要在於解決經濟發展過程中，所衍生的勞動、社會等問題，就此面向言，當各國在思考自國類似問題時，有可供發人深省之處，因此，此議題值得深究。經本文分析，發現企業別工會組織形態，深受日本社會文化及解決勞動問題方式所型塑，工會參與率，在一度達高峰後，隨即下降；工會組織架構，長期以來並無調整跡象；工會活動以保護就業為主軸；基於工會結構使然，勞資交涉大抵已趨穩定；工會評價之良窳，隨經濟發展榮枯而起伏；近年工會活動關心並擴及各項生活援助。本文並經由檢討，提供一些研究發現，具他山之石之效，對於工會實務與理論將有所助益。 關鍵字：產業發展 日本 企業別工會 壹、問題提起　 就發展過程言，工會的成立，大都歷經一段艱辛的歷程，然而發展至今，在先進工業國家中，均已是社會上重要的結社之一，此種結社所具有的基本特性，結構與功能，受到該社會所存政治、經濟，技術，企業經營者與勞動者意識等各種因素所影響，相對的，工會本身