会计-现行经济环境下会计计量模式的探讨大学本科论文.docVIP

毕业设计（论文） 设计（论文）题目：  摘　要 自从历史成本计量属性面临经济环境巨大变化而日益呈现出其局限性，会计界发展了多种不同的计量属性，如现行成本、现行市价、可变现净值、未来现金流量现值、公允价值等，所以传统意义上的历史成本会计计量模式正在逐步地变迁为以历史成本计量为主的多重属性并用的混合计量模式。在这些计量属性中最为引人注目的是公允价值，它被认为是金融工具最具相关性的计量属性，对衍生工具则是惟一相关的计量属性，被越来越多国家的准则制订机构和国际会计准则理事会越来越广泛地运用于其会计准则体系中，成为一种仅次于历史成本的重要计量属性。然而在多变的市场环境下，采用模型计价和市场计价的公允价值并不能适应日趋复杂的衍生金融工具，于是2008年由美国次货危机引发的金融风暴将公允价值推到争议的风口浪尖。 本文从会计计量基本概念入手，探讨了几种主要会计计量属性相关的概念及其它们之间的关系、公允价值的涵义及其三个级次。接着分析会计计量模式由以历史成本为主的计量模式向以公允价值等多种计量属性并存的模式变迁的原因。会计目标的决策有用观和会计信息质量特征的相关性是变迁的主要内在因素，而衍生金融工具及长期资产等领域对传统会计计量模式的挑战是变迁的主要外在因素。然后阐述现代经济环境下会计计量模式的问题，对公允价值在全球金融中的影响进行了重点分析。最后，探讨了主要准则制定机构对公允价值计量的改进，会计界一些学者提出双重会计计量模式、多重计量模式的构想。 【关键词】ABSTRACT The historical cost measurement attributes resents its limitations increasingly since the economic environment faced tremendous changes. Accounting developed many different kinds of measurement attributes, Such as current cost, current market prices, net realizable value, future discounted cash flow, fair value and so on, so the traditional sense of historical cost measurement model is gradually changing with historical cost measurement of multiple attribute and mixed measurement model. In the measurement of the attribute of the most conspicuous is fair value, It was thought to be the most relevant financial instruments of measurement attributes, was only related measurement attributes for derivatives, It is widely used in the system of accounting standards by more and more national standard formulating institutions and international accounting standards board, it becomes a kind of important measurement attributes after the historical cost. And then, in the changing market environment, using model and market valuation of the fair value of the valuation cannot adapt to the increasingly complex financial derivatives, then, American supreme crisis caused by the financial turmoil pushed to the fair value of the controversial two-decade-long. This text from the basic concept of accounting measurement, discusses several major accounting me