四级语法难句 - 用于合并.docVIP

四级语法难句 - 用于合并 语法与难句突破 1.1 定语从句 一、 定语从句的概念：定于从句就是修饰主句里的名词或代词的从句，本质上相当于“形容词 二、定于从句的类型 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。大多数定语从句都对所修饰的名词或代词加以限制，去掉从句后先行词将意义不全或失去意义。而非限制性定语从句的作用在于补充。翻译时常常另起一个句子，与主句构成并列句。例如： That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 三、阅读真题难句归纳 1. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. (10.6 passage 1) 2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to. (09.6 passage 1) 3. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (09.06 passage 1) 4. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about him smoker’s cough for a year. (08.12 passage 1) 1.2. 状语从句 一、 状语从句的概念 如果一个从句的功能相当于副词，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，用作状语，那么该从句就是状语从句。状语从句由连词引导，多表示某动作发生的背景、时间、地点、原因等。 二、状语从句的九种常见类型 常见的状语从句有9种，每种状语从句各有其引导词，具体可分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词又when, whenever, while, as, till, until, since, after等。 注意as, when, while的用法区别。As 强调时间上的“一先一后”，“同一时间”，或“随着”之义；when 则强调某个特定的时间；while表示的时间不是一点，而是一段。 2. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词或复合连词有because, since, as, for the reason that, in that 等。其中because 表示的语气最终，as 和since表示的原因常常是人们知道的。 3. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句的引导词有：although, though, even if, in spite of the fact, whereas, while, for all (that)等。 Even if 和even though 区别 Even if 意为“即使”，表述的内容不一定为既成事实；even though则表示“尽管”，即尽管有什么样的事实存在。 Even though he know it, he’ll not let out the secret.（他知道这个秘密） Even if he knows it, he’ll not let out the secret.（不确定是否知道这个秘密） 4. 条件状语从句 条件状语的引导词有：if, unless, suppose, in case (that), in th