猜测词义题解题技巧点拨20070926.docVIP

猜测词义猜测词义猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义,猜词技巧的题目y which of the following could be used to take the place of the word “…”? According to the author the word ...means __________. 3) Which of the following is nearest/ closest in meaning to ... ? 那么,怎样来猜测和推断生词的词义呢?这种技巧 以定语从句为线索猜测词义. 在很多情况下,定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义[例] He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 此句中,who引导的定语从句对生词prestidigitator的词义给出了非常清楚的定义.根据这一定义,读者就不难猜测出prestidigitator的词义.能从帽子里拉出兔子、吞火和玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗? 以标点符号为线索猜测词义. 作者有时利用标点符号,如括号、冒号、破折号等为一些生词直接提供定义或解释,[例] Torna does (violent and destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet)day, but not necessarily in the summer. 此句中,tornado和humid两词的词义都在括弧里被清楚地表述出来.tornado即一种非常剧烈的、破坏性很大的旋转的风.很明显,这是旋风﹑飓风;humid即有点湿,其词义很清楚是潮湿的意思. 以定义为线索猜测词义 以to be(是),mean(意指),refer to(指的是)为线索猜测词义.[例] Ventilation, as you know , is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of engineering. ?此句中 ventilation 可能是个生词,但 is后面是对该词的明确定义.是什么东西或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢?所以不难看出 ventilation 这个词的意思是通风. . 以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义 有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白,通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词or ，like(像……一样), as...as(如同……一样),the same as (与……相同)有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词. [例] Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 此句中,作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比,有相同之处和不同之处.校长比母亲年纪大些,个子矮些,但有一点是相同的,并用as...as结构表示出来.从这一对比中,可以看出fat和plump是近义词.fat是读者熟悉的词即肥胖的,那么,plump一词的意思就能猜个大概了. . 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义在表示对比关系时,作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面的词语互为反义.用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead(of),rather than, compared to[例] In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil此句中,以信号词however为线索,可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比.过去是in an orderly way,而现在是in a state of turmoil,过去是秩序井然,那么现在则是相反,那就是一片混乱.. 以列举的