【2017年整理】英语与语音基础知识.doc

英语语音基础知识 ．关于语音的几个概念 1字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2音标：词的语音形式。 3音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。 元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音。元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。 辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音。辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]） 。 4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name， bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 6闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, , sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 . 元音： [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling [i] sit, build, miss, myth [e] bed, desk, head [?] bad, land, bank, stamp [a:] fast, class, plant, calm [?] hot, want [?:] door, sport, warm, bought [u:] good, who, blue, soup [u] look, put, women, could [∧] cup, come, blood, rough [?:] girl, work, serve, nurse [?] ago, forget, dollar, doctor, famous [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great [ai] bike, light, try, find, height, eye [?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow [au] house, town [?i] boy, oil [i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce [ε?] pear, care, there, fair [u?] tour, poor 三. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [?] bed --bad men-- man pen--pan lend --land 2)[i:] [ei] real --rail greet--great mean--main read-- raid 3)[e] [ai] bet --bite red --write said --side head--hide 4)[au] [?:] house—horse loud—lord south-- sauce now-- nor 5)[au] [∧] found --fond gown --gone down-- don 四. 辅音 [p] pen, picnic [b] bed, big，break [t] tell, student [d] day, played, wanted [k] cold, sky, quick, back, accept, [g] big, go, guess, language [m] man， milk [n] nine, knife, autumn [η] bank, uncle, English, sing, [r] read, write, [l] land, world，luck [f] five, cough, laugh [v] voice, of，live [h] hot, who, hour [θ] think, thank [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf [ e] this, bathe [z] zoo, close, [з] pleasure，treasure [∫] sure, she, social, nation [w] wall, what, answer [j] Yes，yield，yell [t∫] child, teach, catch [dз] joke, bridge [ts] boats， students [dz] goods，boards [tr] t