恩平市晚稻施肥状况调查及探析.docVIP

恩平市晚稻施肥状况调查及探析 　　摘 要：为了解广东省恩平市晚稻种植生产过程中施肥管理中存在的问题，为晚稻平衡施肥提供参考，该研究通过农户抽样调查，对恩平市20户（样本）晚稻种植户晚稻施肥状况进行分析。调查结果显示，广东省恩平市晚稻生产的施肥次数为1～3次，施用肥料以15-15-15颗粒复合肥料为主，用尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾补充氮、磷、钾，未施用有机肥。氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）的平均施用量为186.55kg/hm2、61.84kg/hm2、131.51kg/hm2，肥料施用量N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.33∶0.70。由此可见，广东省恩平市晚稻生产中肥料施用量偏高，特别是氮肥投入偏高，忽视有机肥，重追肥轻基肥，应通过测土配方后平衡施肥 关键词：晚稻；施肥状况；调查分析；恩平市 中图分类号 S146；S511 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）06-0052-03 Investigation and Analysis of Fertilization of Late Rice in Enping City Li Shuiyuan1 et al. （1Enping Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology，Enping 529400，China） Abstract：This paper aims at understanding the problems of local fertilization management of late rice planting in Enping City Guangdong Province in order to provide some references for balanced fertilization of local late rice production.Through investigating，20 fertilization status of late rice planters in Enping City Guangdong Province were analyzed.The late rice fertilized 1～3 times in Enping City.All of the planters applied compound fertilizer（N∶P∶K 15∶15∶15）on late rice.Some of planters broadcasted urea，calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride to supply nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.Organic fertilizer was not applied in late rice planting.Total fertilizer N，P2O5，K2O average application rates were 186.55，61.84 and 131.51kg/hm2，respectively，and N∶P2O5∶K2O =1.00∶0.33∶0.70.The N，P and K fertilizer rates，especially the rate of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer，were higher than the nutrient demands of late rice.The role of organic manure was neglected and depending only on the chemical fertilizer.Therefore，the local field experiment should be carried out to realize balanced fertilization. Key words：Late rice；Fertilization；Investigation and analysis；Enping City 恩平市位于北?22°11′，东经112°18′，地处广东省西南部，珠江三角洲西南端，北靠大陆丘陵，南临南海[1]；是广东省40个产粮大县之一，水稻年播种面积2.8万hm2以上[2]。中国是世界上最大的水稻生产国和消费国[3]，水稻是需肥较多的作物，肥料是水稻高产的物质基础[4，5]。当前，在水稻施肥上普遍存在地区与作物间分配不平衡、盲目过量施肥、表施、撒施及“三重三轻”现象[6]，并且还存在重化肥