复习资料有机(国外英文资料).docVIP

复习资料有机(国外英文资料) Project summary The simplest form is the same CH: C2H2, C4H4, C6H6, C8H8; CH2: CH3CH = CH2, cyclopropane; CH2O: experiment, CH3COOH HCOOCH3, C6H12O6; CnH2nO: saturated one-one-aldehyde (ketone) and twice the saturated mono-carboxylic acid (ester) of its carbon atom CnH2n? 2: alkyl (diolefins) with the same thing as three times the benzene and benzene of the carbon atom. 2. The categories of heterogeneous CnH2n: olefin, naphthene (n 2); CnH2n? 2: alkyne, diolefins (n 3); CnH2n + 2O: saturated monoalcohol, ether (n 1). CnH2nO: saturated monodehyde, ketone (n 2); CnH2nO2: saturated monocarboxylic acid, ester (n 1); CnH2n? 6O: the homologue of phenol, aromatic alcohol, aromatic ether (n 6) CnH2n + 1O2N: amino acids, nitrocellulose compounds (n 1). 3. The substitution reaction Hydrocarbon and halogen single matter: halogen vapor (light/heat); Benzene and its homologues: the elemental halogen (Fe/light), concentrated nitric acid (sulfuric acid/water bath); Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons: NaOH (aqueous solution/alcohol solution); The reaction of alcohol to hydrogen halide: HX (new system); Ester hydrolysis: H2O (acid/alkali); Ethanol dehydration (sulfuric acid / 140 ℃); Phenol and concentrated bromine. 4. The addition reaction Alkenes/alkynes: halogens, hydrogen, halogenated hydrogen, water, hydrocyanic acid; Benzene and its homologous: hydrogen, chlorine gas; Aldehyde/ketone: hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen. Polymerization: ethylene and its derivatives; 1, 3? Butadiene and its derivatives, acetylene. Condensation: phenol and aldehydes; Amino acid; Diglycol and dibasic acid. Silver mirror reactions: all aldehydes, formic acid and derivatives, glucose. 8. Cyclization The molecule must contain two functional groups: two hydroxyl groups; An oh, a carboxyl group; One amino, one carboxyl group; Two carboxyl group; And so on. * * usually forms a 5 yuan ring or 6 yuan ring (more stable). The way to introduce functional groups Introduction of carbon-carbon