1993年考研翻译真题精解.docVIP

1993年考研翻译真题精解71．The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.结构分析：分号相当于汉语的句号，因此整个句子分为两个分句，第一个句子的主语是the method of scientific investigation，谓语是is，nothing but 是个短语，意思为“只不过，仅仅”，the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind是个固定名词短语，其核心成分是expression_r_r，它后面接了很长的介词短语做其后置定语，翻译时由后面往前面翻译，第二个句子的主语是it （指代前面的the method），by which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词mode，定语从句里的主语是all phenomena，从句的谓语用了两个并列的被动语态。参考译文：??? 科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动必要的表达方式，这一科学方法也仅仅是对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的那种方式。测试点：后置定语和定语从句；固定短语；名词短语； 举一反三：“名词+介词+名词+介词”是个翻译必考的短语，这个短语的核心成分是最先出现的名词或并列名词，翻译时要求由后面往前面翻，希望广大考生特别注意。 72．There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.结构分析：逗号相当于句号。这一句子是由not that….but that引导的一个并列分句结构，并列两个句子，翻译成为：不是因为…而是因为。在not that引导的从句里面由the scales和the balance两个并列名词做主语，且in the one case 和In the other （后面省略了与前面相同的词case）属于词组并列；谓语是differ in(在…方面有不同)；后面的or是个并列连词，连接principles和manner这两个名词短语。第二个从句有省略，应该理解为but it is that，从句的主语是the latter(翻译成“后者”，指代前面的名词the balance)，than是个比较连词，and并列的前面是个名词much finer apparatus，后面并列的不是个介词，而是个形容词词组much more accurate in its measurement。参考译文：??? 这并不是因为一方面（指面包师或卖肉者）所用的磅秤和另一方面（指化学家）所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是因为与前者相比，后者是一种更精密的仪器，因而在计量上必然更精确得多。测试点：并列结构；省略结构；指代关系；举一反三：并列结构包括词、短语和句子的并列，在理解时一般要参照对比并列连接词后的词