英语独立主格结构用法小结.docVIP

英语独立主格结构用法小结[1] ? ? ? 非谓语动词作状语时,? 它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,? 从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,? 我们称之为独立主格结构( Absolute Construction) 。其实,? 所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,? 它还是一种从属的结构。 ? 一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构 ? 在独立主格结构中,? 非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。请看下面的例子： ? Such an able man to help you,? you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你,? 你迟早一定会成功的。(不定式) ? such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系,? 即 Since such an able man will help you,? you will surely succeed sooner or later. ? He seating himself at the desk,? his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后,? 他母亲开始给他讲故事。(现在分词) ? He seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,? 即 When he seated himself at the desk,? his mother began to tell him a story. ? The key to the bike lost,? he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,? 他只好步行去学校。(过去分词) ? the key 是 lost 的逻辑主语,? lost 也可以用完成式having been lost，即 Because the key to the bike had been lost,? he had to walk to school. ? 1、不定式独立主格结构 ? 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,? 动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 ? His mother to come tonight,? he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来, 他正在忙着准备饭菜。 ( As his mother is to come tonight,? he is busy preparing the dinner.) ? ——Will you go to the comcert tonight? ——Sorry. So many exerise-books to check,? I really cant afford any time. 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ 对不起,? 有这多的作业要批,? 我真的抽不出时间。 ( Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,? I really cant afford any time.) ? The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,? 每人翻译全书的四分之一。 ( The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.) ? Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树,? 花和草后,? 我们新建的学校将看上去更美。 (If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) ? 2、现在分词ing形式独立主格结构 ? ?动词的-ing形式作各种状语时,? 其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，ing 的独立结构相当于一个状语从句。 ? Being ill,? he went home. ( As he was very ill,? he went home.) 由于生病, 他回家了。 ? Seating himself at