本易理以诂易辞 由易辞以准易象.doc

本易理以诂易辞 由易辞以准易象 ——试论尚氏易学的特色及其对易学史的贡献 摘要：本文认为，本易理以诂易辞，由易辞以准易象，这是尚秉和先生注解《周易》的基本原则，也是他独辟蹊径所发明的注易新 方法 。依据此一原则和方法，尚先生一扫东汉以来易家注易迂曲立说、穿凿附会之风气，穷究易理，广搜易象，以易解易，以〖ＪＰ３〗易证易，其对《周易》经、传的诠释，“六通四辟，若合符契”。由此不仅纠正了千百年来易家注易的诸多流弊和错误，而且也牢固地确立了尚秉和先生在易学史上的大师地位。 关键词：尚秉和；易理；易辞；易象；象数；义理 Interpreting the affiliated phrases by Yi’s principles and deciding Yi’s images by the affiliated phrases: On characteristics of SHANG Bing-he’s Yi learning and his contribution to the history of Yi learning Abstract: This paper holds that interpreting the affiliated phrases (to the hexagrams and specific lines) according to Yi’s principles and deciding Yi’s images by the affiliated phrases is a basic criterion for SHANG Bing-he to interpret and annotate Zhouyi, a new way he stroke out in interpreting and annotating Yi. By this criterion and method, Mr. SHANG swept farfetched interpretations since the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), and began to deeply probe into Yi’s principles, extensively collect Yi’s images, interpret and demonstrate Yi by Yi itself, having made a thorough and convincible interpretation on the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi. By this way, not only were lots of mistakes and abuses for thousands of years corrected and remedied, but also his position as a Great Master was solidly established in the history of Yi learning. Key words: SHANG’s Yi learning; principles dwelling in Yi; affiliated phrases; images; image-number; philosophical connotations 　 尚秉和，字节之，号滋溪老人、石烟道人。河北行唐人。生于１８７０年。卒于１９５０年。精通易学，是近代著名的易经大师。尚先生在其七十岁时所写《滋溪老人传》中， 总结 了自己的学易、治易过程。他说：“欲学易，先明筮，而古筮法皆亡，乃辑《周易古筮考》十卷。……象者，学易之本，而《左传》、《国语》为最古之易师，乃著《左传国语象筮》一卷。汉人说易，其重象与春秋人同，然象之不知者，浪用卦变或爻辰以当之。初不敢谓其非，心不能无疑也。”直到尚先生发现《焦氏易林》，读之而爱不释手。经过数年研索求证，在《易林》中发现了久已失传而与《周易》有关的内外卦象、互象、对象（伏象）、正反象（覆象）、半象、大象等一百二十余象的 应用 规律 ，终将心中疑团一一解开。“于是著《焦氏易林注》十六卷，《焦氏易诂》十二卷，以正二千年《周易》之误解。” 尚先生治易的主要成就最终凝结在他的易注二十二卷中，此书名曰《周易尚氏学》。对此，尚先生解释道：“以其与先儒旧说十七八不同，而又不敢自匿其非也，因名曰《周易尚氏学》。” 二千年来注解《周易》的书，几乎难以计数。其中卓然成一家之言者，总有几十家乃至上百家之多。尚先生在其为黄寿祺所著《易学群书评议》一书所写的序言中说道：“最多者《易》解，总《五经》之注，不如《易》一经之多。最难者《易