英国政治制度.docxVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT14 英国政治制度 国会 君主 上议院 下议院 内阁 国会议员 宗教领袖 世袭贵族 终身贵族 保守党 工党 自由民主党 徽标  Parliament Sovereign the House of Lords the House of Commons the Cabinet MPs (Members of Parliament) religious leaders hereditary peers life peers the Conservative Party the Labor Party the Liberal Democratic Party Emblem  The British Government Constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制） The Monarch reigns but doesnt rule. The rights of the Monarchy, as formality and historical legacy, are strictly restricted by a set of laws Power: the Crown (non-democratic) →aristocratic Lords → the House of Commons (with a powerful Prime Minister) A process of democracy: political party →extension of the universal franchise →the development of local government and devolution The Constitution a set of rules and conventions No Written constitution Multiple documents: Statute law (成文法); common laws; Conventions Ancient documents European Union law The European Convention on Human Rights Characteristics: Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary sovereignty (parliamentary authority unlimited) Representative democracy The rule of law (people are subject to law, not to the will of governors The Monarchy The King/Queen (ceremonial duties; signing papers) Legislative: Summon, or dissolve Parliament Give Royal Assent to bills Judicial Pardon赦免 Personal Immunity豁免 (not the Crown) Executive Confer peerages and knighthoods Appoint important government positions (government, military, Church) on the advice of the PM Foreign affairs Listens to PM and others’ reports Cultural: national unity, morality and continuity of history Symbolic functions: “Britishness” of Britain Ceremonies Parliament The supreme legislative body Three parts: the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons Functions Law-making (create, abolish, amend) Vote the taxation Determine revenue and expenditure of government Examine government policies and administration Debate major political issues of the day Each parliament fives year