there、it的用法.docVIP

there,it用法 一. there用法?? ? ? 1. there be结构的主谓一致? ? ??在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：? ? ??There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。 ? ? ?? ? ??There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。 ? ? ?? ??比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.? ? ?2. there be与have的比较 ? ??? ? (1) 用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。?? ???(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else ? ? ? ? ??There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。 ? ??? ??She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的) ???? ? 注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：? ??.A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。??3. there be的否定和疑问 ? ??(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：?There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。 ?? (2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如： ??? Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？ ? ???Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。） ??? 注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看： ?? There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？ ?? There usedn’t to be a tall tree ?here, used/didn’t ther? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？ ??? There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？??There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？?4. there be????? there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：?? There was asport meeting in the playground yesterday.?昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。? ??? ? ??There willbe (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday.?星期一将有一场新电影放。? ? ? ? ??There is to be a concert atthe school hall.?学校礼堂有场音乐会。??? There havebeen a lot of accidents round here.?这里已经发生多起事故了。? ?He told me that there had been an argument between them.?他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。??There will have been a definite result byFriday.?到星期五前就已经有明确的结果了。??There must be a mistake somewhere.?一定在什么地方有错误。??There must have been a rain last night,for the ground is wet.?昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。???????? ??5. there be结构的变体???????该结构中，有时be还可以被live,exist, lie