永嘉四灵诗韵考教程教程.docVIP

永嘉四灵诗韵考 柯富文 湛江师范学院人文学院，湛江 524048 摘要：本文对南宋诗人“永嘉四灵”的诗韵作了系统的考察。通过归纳得出，其古体诗用韵系统，可细分为二十一韵部：舒声十四部，入声七部。而四灵的近体诗，“借韵”和“出韵”都占有一定的比例。由此而系联归纳出来的近体诗韵部，与其古体舒声十四部，完全一致，而与欧阳修、王安石、徐积、杨万里、范成大等人的近体诗分部亦同，属于宋代通语韵系。四灵的诗歌用韵能反映出语音变化所造成的韵母归并现象。所以，本文认为，宋诗韵研究对汉语语音史和诗律学来说有重要价值。 关键词：南宋；永嘉四灵；诗韵；韵字 Research Yongjia four lings poetry rhyme department Ke Fuwen Humanities College , Zhanjiang Normal University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong，China 524048 Abstract: This article to the Southern Song Dynasty poet “Yongjia four spirits” the poem rhyme has made systems inspection. Obtains through the induction, its ancient-style poetry with the rhyme system, may subdivide is 21 rhymes department: Level 14, entering tone seven. But four work the modern style poetry, and “the rhyme” holds certain proportion “taking advantage of the rhyme”. From this but is the modern style poetry rhyme which department the association induces, with its ancient literary style level 14, is completely consistent, but with Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Xu Ji, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda et al. the modern style poetry branches also with, belongs to Song Dynasty to pass the language rhyme department. Four work the poetry can reflect with the rhyme the phonetic change creates final combination phenomenon. Therefore, this article believed that Song Shiyun studied to Chinese pronunciation history and the rules of poetry study has the important value. key word: Southern Song Dynasty; Yongjia four spirits; Poem rhyme; Rhyme character 1．0 四灵及其诗歌简介 1．1“四灵”是指南宋四位诗人徐照、徐玑、翁卷、赵师秀。徐照（？—1211），字道晖，一字灵晖，号山民。徐玑（1162—1214），字文渊，又字致中，号灵渊。翁卷生卒年未详，字续古，又字灵舒。赵师秀（1170—1220），字紫芝，又字灵秀，也称灵芝，号天乐。他们都是浙江温州人（翁卷为温州乐清人，馀三人均为温州市人），字号中又皆带“灵”字，且彼此旨趣相投，创作主张一致，诗风相近，故世称“永嘉四灵”。 四灵的生平身世，我们所知不多。徐照一生布衣，未尝仕进，以诗游士大夫间，行迹遍及今湖南、江西、江苏等地。宁宗嘉定四年卒。徐玑世家出身，以荫入仕，历任建安主簿、永州司理、龙溪丞等职。移武当令，改长泰令，未至官。于宁宗嘉定七年卒，年五十三。赵师秀系宋宗室，宋光宗绍熙元年中进士，尝任上元主簿、金陵幕从事、筠州推官。晚年寓居钱塘，“有终焉之志。”于嘉定十三年卒。翁卷尝登宋孝宗淳熙十年乡荐，生平未仕，落拓江湖，于四灵中最后辞世。 现存四灵诗733首。近体诗639首，每首一韵到底；古体诗94首，有的诗换韵，所以计有157个韵段。二者合计则有796个韵段。本文将四灵的古、近体诗分开考察。研究时所使用的主要是由北京大学出版社出版、北京大