矮星系不符合星系形成模型.docxVIP

Dwarf galaxies that orbit the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies defy the accepted model of galaxy formation, and recent attempts to?wedge（挤入）?them into the model are flawed, reports an international team of astrophysicists. David Merritt, professor of astrophysics at Rochester Institute of Technology, co-authored Co-orbiting satellite galaxy structures are still in conflict with the distribution of?primordial（原始的）?dwarf galaxies, to be published in an upcoming issue of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.?The study pokes holes in the current understanding of galaxy formation and questions the accepted model of the origin and evolution of the universe. According to the standardparadigm（范例）, 23 percent of the mass of the universe is shaped by invisible particles known as dark matter.?The model predicts that dwarf galaxies should form inside of small clumps of dark matter and that these clumps should be distributed randomly about their parent galaxy, Merritt said. But what is observed is very different. The dwarf galaxies belonging to the Milky Way and Andromeda are seen to be orbiting in huge, thin disk-like structures.?The study, led by Marcel Pawlowski at Case Western Reserve University, critiques three recent papers by different international teams, all of which concluded that the satellite galaxies support the standard model. The critique by Merritt and his colleagues found serious issues with all three studies.?The team of 14 scientists from six different countries replicated the earlier analyses using the same data and cosmological simulations and came up with much lower probabilities -- roughly one tenth of a percent -- that such structures would be seen in the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy.?The earlier papers found structures in the simulations that no one would say really looked very much like the observed planar structures, said Merritt.?In their paper, Merritt and his co-authors write that, Either the selection of model satellites is d