化工四大化学(专业)CHAPTER11PrinciplesofHeatFlowinFluids(课堂讲义).ppt

* 9. Magnitude of heat-transfer coefficient Type of processes Range of values of h W/m2·℃ Btu/ft2·h·℉ Steam(dropwise condensation) 30,000-100,000 5,000-20,000 Steam(film-type condensation) 6,000-20,000 1,000-3,000 Boiling water 1,700-50,000 300-9,000 Condensing organic vapors 1,000-2,000 200-400 Water (heating or cooling) 300-20,000 50-3,000 Oils(heating or cooling) 50-1,500 10-300 Steam(superheating) 30-100 5-20 Air(heating or cooling) 1-50 0.2-10 To convert from Btu/ft2·h·℉to w/m2·℃, multiply by 5.6783 TABLE 11.2 Magnitudes of heat-transfer coefficients p333 * Exercise: In a shall-and-tube heat exchanger, coefficient ho is 25W/m2.k, and hi is 1000w/m2.k. (1) calculate Uo (2) if hi is doubled, calculate Uo again (3) if ho is doubled, calculate Uo again (4) what conclusion can you get from above calculation? * Summary 1. Heat-Exchange Equipment Double-pipe heat exchanger Shell-and-tube heat exchanger * 2. Energy-Balances (11.6) (11.7) (11.8) * 3. Equations of rates of heat transfer (11.14) (11.37) (11.15) * 5. Resistance form of overall coefficient 6. Fouling factors 7. Special cases of the overall coefficient 8. Classification of individual heat-transfer coefficient 9.Magnitude of heat-transfer coefficient * 1. Average temperature of fluid stream average stream temp. mixing-cup stream temp. Direction of heat flow Cool fluid Warm fluid Thmax Thmin Tcmax * 2. Overall heat transfer coefficient and logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) Direction of heat flow Cool fluid Warm fluid Thmax Thmin Tcmax * (10.12) Multi-layer solids one-dimensional steady-state conduction (Compound resistances in series) That is This also applies to heat flow through liquid layers and solids in series. * The driving force is the overall local temp. difference. Note: ΔT can vary considerably from point to point along the tube; and therefore, since the heat flux is proportional to ΔT, the flux also varies with tube length. * (11.