宣恩县利川润楠种群及群落特征探究.docVIP

宣恩县利川润楠种群及群落特征探究 　　摘要：利用生态学方法，对湖北省宣恩县的利川润楠（Machilus lichuanensis Cheng ex S. Lee）天然种群和群落特征进行调查分析。结果表明，宣恩县的利川润楠群落物种丰富，有维管束植物101种，隶属于51科90属；利川润楠种群数量虽多，但结构不合理，处于更新层的幼苗和幼树总体上所占比例较小，且在各样地分布不匀；调查范围内的利川润楠种群均缺少足够的演替层；种群对坡度、坡位、坡向、海拔等生态因子具有选择性，海拔700～1 050 m的山地下坡位、阴坡坡向更适合利川润楠的生长。根据调查结果，进一步分析了利川润楠的濒危原因，并提出了相应的保育对策 关键词：利川润楠（Machilus lichuanensis Cheng ex S. Lee）；群落分析；种群特征；宣恩县 中图分类号：Q949.747.5+15（634XE） 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）06-1085-05 DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.06.023 Abstract： Ecological investigations were adopted to analyses the community characteristic and population characteristic of Machilus lichuanensis Cheng ex S. Lee. The result showed that， there were abundant plant species in M. lichuanensis communities， including 101 vascular plant species from 90 genera of 51 families. Among all the M. lichuanensis communities in Xuan’en county， M. lichuanensis was a lot in quantity and was not uniform in distribution in sample plots involved in this investigation； However， its population structure was unsatisfactory， for example， in M. lichuanensis communities， the amount of M. lichuanensis was little in shrub layer and was absent in succession layer； The natural populations of M. lichuanensis exhibited preference for slope， aspect， slope position and altitude； and it grew well at the broken bits and shady slope of the mountains at the altitude from 700 to 1 050 m. Based on the above results， the gradual endangered mechanism of M. lichuanensis was discussed and some significant conservation strategies were proposed. Key words： Machilus lichuanensis Cheng ex S. Lee； community analysis； population characteristic； Xuanen county 宣恩?h位于湖北省西南部的恩施土家族苗族自治州，地处北纬29°33′-30°12′，东经109°11′-109°55′，属亚热带季风气候区。全县国土总面积2 743 km2，处在齐岳山和武陵山的交接地带，地形复杂多变。县内分布着多条东北至西南走向的山岭，形成许多小型的盆地、横状坡地、山谷和平坝等地貌。全县海拔最高处为2 014 m，最低为356 m，高差大，使局部小气候多样。境内水源充沛，共有大小河流121条。土壤以山地红黄壤和山地棕黄壤为主[1]。根据前期的走访调查，探明宣恩县内有5个乡镇存在楠属（Phoebe Nees）、润楠属（Machilus Nees）植物的分布，此次调查主要针对利川润楠（Machilus lichuanensis Che