病理学绪论细胞和组织的损伤-培训课件.pptVIP

坏 疽 坏 疽 定义：组织坏死并继发腐败菌感染 分类 干性坏疽——四肢 (limbs) 湿性坏疽——内脏（肠、肺、子宫） 气性坏疽——产气荚膜杆菌 干性坏疽：边缘清楚 Dry gangrene 干性坏疽 坏死的结局 局部急性炎症反应 溶解、吸收 囊腔、脓肿 分离、排出 糜烂、溃疡、空洞 瘘管、窦道 机化、包裹 钙化 囊腔－液化性坏死 慢性胃溃疡 溃疡 愈合溃疡 宫颈炎伴宫颈糜烂 肾结核空腔 肛周瘘管 陈旧心梗 结核性淋巴结炎钙化 皮肤疤痕 凋 亡（apoptosis） Apo ptosis off falling 凋 亡 细胞死亡 坏死 凋亡 凋亡定义：体内外某些因素触发细胞内预存的死亡程序而导致的细胞主动性死亡方式 单个细胞死亡 病毒性肝炎－嗜酸性坏死 正常细胞 适应细胞 死亡细胞 致死 可逆 可逆 可逆 致死 可逆性损伤细胞 萎缩 肥大 增生 化生 坏死 凋亡 细胞内外物质聚积、变性 Cyst :a closed space contained fluid after resolution and absorption of necrosis. Abscess: a closed round or oval space contained pus. Cavity: a empty space linked outside of body through a physiologic channel. Ulcer: a lesion after loss of a part of tissue in surface of body or in a hollow organ. Sinus: a pathologic duct between the surface of body and necrotic tissue. Fistula: a pathologic channel between two hollow organs or one hollow organ and body surface. Organization: the process of replacement of necrotic tissue, thrombi, foreign bodies and inflammatory exudate through ingrowth of granulation tissue. Fistula: An abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, a cavity, or a hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ. Sinus: A fistula leading from a pus-filled cavity. Abscess: A localized collection of pus in part of the body, formed by tissue disintegration and surrounded by an inflamed area. Ulcer: A lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane such as the one lining the stomach or duodenum that is accompanied by formation of pus and necrosis of surrounding tissue, usually resulting from inflammation or ischemia. 转移性钙化－肺 不可逆性损伤——坏死 定义：是以酶溶性变化为特点的活体 内局部组织细胞的死亡 自溶：死亡细胞 异溶：炎细胞 坏死的基本病变 核固缩 核碎裂 核溶解 核固缩；核碎裂；核溶解 心肌梗死－核消失 坏死的类型 凝固性坏死 液化性坏死 纤维素样坏死 坏疽 凝固性坏死 蛋白质变性为主；死亡细胞壳存在 肾凝固性坏死——楔形 脾凝固性坏死——楔形 肾凝固性坏死——楔形 左：坏死区，细胞空壳； 中：出血区，未完全死亡； 右：正常肾实质区 Heart infarct 心急梗死 镜下：右侧区无核 干酪样坏死 结核、梅毒； 大体：干酪样、松软、灰白/黄； 镜下：无结构红染区 左：肺顶部