基因组学黄学辉-bio2000-培训课件.pptVIP

The framework for rice GWAS Rice germplasm Re-sequencing Discovery of common variants (SNPs) SNP Genotyping Construction of haplotype map Association Study Finding the relationship between phenotype and genotype Candidate gene capture Selecting causal genes by re- annotation of associated loci Validate the effect of candidate genes Using genetic transformation or T-DNA mutant Phenotyping Modern cultivars, traditional landraces Germplasm collection Genotype Phenotype Whole genome screening Phenotype prediction through statistical modeling Improved varieties Validation in related samples with known genotypes and phenotypes Molecular-designed breeding Mining candidate genes through expression profiles or fine mapping Validation through T-DNA mutants or genetic transformation GM or MAS for validated genes GWAS Whole genome prediction 基因组的产业化应用：分子育种 紫花 白花 紫叶柄 绿叶柄 抗病 芝麻中复杂性状的遗传解析 Modern cultivar enriched clade a c b 0.4 0.2 0 FST 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 芝麻品种材料的群体结构 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Yield components Morphological characteristics Coloration and disease resistance Growth cycle Fatty acid composition Oilseed compound 芝麻中56个农艺性状的全基因组关联分析 a Lipase SiPPO LTP LTP SiNST1 Lipase -Log(P) b c d e GWAS on oil content SiPPO SiNST1 High oil allele: ACA (Thr) Low oil allele: AAA (Lys) TGA Multiple frameshift indels ATG TAG ATG 芝麻中控制油份含量的主要位点 b c a Pearson r Oil content FATA FATB Pyruvate Acyl-ACP KASI C16:0-ACP C18:0-ACP C18:1-ACP FFA Acyl-CoA X-CoA TAG 18:1-PC 18:3-PC KASII SAD PHDC FATA FATB FATA FATB LACS X ACNA 18:2-PC DAG DGAT FAD2 FAD3 DAG-CPT PC Pool PDAT Cytosol Plastid ER Oil body 芝麻中控制脂肪酸含量的主要位点 One capsule per axil Three capsules per axil a c b ATG One-capsule allele: TCC (Ser) Three-capsule allele: TTC (Phe) SiACS TAG 芝麻中控制蕨果数的主要位点 基因组 杂种优势现象 分子水平深入解析杂种优势的遗传基础 母本 杂交稻 父本 母本 杂交稻 父本 分子层面解析 杂种优势的高效利用为我国的粮食安全做出了巨大贡献 杂交水稻育种技术的成功是我国近几十年来取得的一项重要科技成就。 杂交稻的高产来自对水稻杂种优势现象的利用。 品种1(父本) 杂交稻(子一代) 品种2(母本) 水稻存有大量的品种材料,蕴含丰富的遗传多样性 子一代的产量表现