抗菌肽来源及其临床应用探究.docVIP

抗菌肽来源及其临床应用探究 　　摘要 由于抗生素的滥用，临床上出现多种耐药菌株，给畜牧业快速发展和人类健康造成了严重威胁。抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗外界微生物入侵时产生的一类防御性小肽，是机体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。与传统抗生素相比，抗菌肽具有分子量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特、抗菌谱广等优势，对于临床上难以根治的多重耐药细菌具有较好的抗菌活性，且不易使细菌产生耐药性。随着研究不断深入，人们还发现抗菌肽不仅具有较强的抗菌活性，还表现出较强的抗病毒、抗真菌、抗寄生虫、选择性抑制肿瘤细胞生长的特性，并且对动物体的免疫功能具有一定的调节功能。本文主要对目前不同来源的抗菌肽以及抗菌肽在临床上的应用进行综述，以期为新型药物的研发与利用提供参考 关键词 抗菌肽；来源；作用；临床应用 中图分类号 S816.7 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）05-0219-02 Abstract Due to the abuse of antibiotics，a variety of drug-resistant strains appear in clinical，pose a serious threat to the rapid development of animal husbandry and human health. Antimicrobial peptides are class of defensive small peptides generated by the body against the invasion of microorganisms，and are important component of the body innate immune system. Compared with traditional antibiotics，antimicrobial peptides have the advantages of small molecular weight，good water solubility，good thermal stability，unique antimicrobial mechanism，broad antibacterial spectrum and good antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria which are difficult to cure in clinical practice and easy to make bacterial resistance.With the deepening of the research，it was also found that antimicrobial peptides not only had strong antibacterial activity，but also showed strong antiviral，antifungal，antiparasitic，selective inhibition of tumor cell growth，had a certain regulatory function to immune function of animals. In this paper，mainly overviewed the present different sources of antimicrobial peptides and the clinical application of antimicrobial peptides，provided for references for the development and use of new drugs. Key words antimicrobial peptides；source；function；clinical application 抗菌肽又?Q宿主防御肽或者抗微生物肽，是自然界生物体内广泛存在的一类小分子多肽，能够抵御外来病原微生物入侵，能够直接杀灭侵入体内的病原微生物，在宿主天然免疫反应的不同阶段表现出多种强有力的作用[1-3]，如促进T辅助细胞的增殖、对单核细胞和T淋巴细胞具有趋化作用、诱导巨噬细胞活化及促进淋巴细胞的凋亡等[1，4-6]。抗菌肽分子量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特，对临床上难以治愈的耐药细菌具有广谱抗菌活性，且不易诱发细菌产生耐药性等。抗菌肽对真菌、寄生虫、病毒及肿瘤细胞都具有较好的活性，并且对机体具有免疫调节功能。临床上主要应用在医药应用、兽药、饲料添加剂、食品安全和