数据通信与网络07-传输媒介-1.5.pptVIP

第七章 传输媒介 7.1 Guided media 7.2 Unguided media 7.3 Performance 7.5 Summary The signals that represent data are transmitted from one device to another in the form of electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic energy is propagated through transmission media. Electromagnetic energy is a combination of electric and magnetic fields vibrating in relation to each other. Not all portions of the spectrum are currently usable for telecommunications. The media to harness those that are usable are also limited to a few types. Transmission media are actually located below the physical layer, and are directly controlled by the physical layer. We could say that the transmission media belong to layer zero. In telecommunications, transmission media can be divided into two broad categories: guided and unguided Guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided medium is free space. 7.1.1 Twisted-pair cable(双绞线) Cable with 5 unshielded twisted pairs of wires Category 1: used in telephone systems. This level of quality is fine for voice but inadequate for all but low-speed data communication. Category 2: suitable for voice and digital data transmission of up to 4 Mbps. Category 3. Required to have at least three twits per foot and can be used for data transmission of up to 10 Mbps. It is standard cable for most telephone systems. Category 4. Must also have at least three twists per foot as well as other conditions to bring the possible transmission rate to 16 Mbps. Category 5. Used for data transmission up to 100 Mbps. 在具体应用时，RJ45 型插头和网线有两种连接方法(线序)，分别称作T568A线序和T568B线序。 T568A 线序用于网络设备需要交叉互连的场合，所谓交叉是指网线两端的RJ45 插头的接法不同，一端按 T568A 线序接，另一端按 T568B 线序接，即有几根网线在另一端是先做了交叉才接到 RJ45 插头上去的，适用的连接场合有： 1. 电　脑←→电　脑，　 2. 集线器←→集线器； 3. 交换机←→交换机。 T568B 线序的适用范围(直连) 1. 电　脑←→ADSL 猫 2. ADSL猫←→ADSL路由器的WAN口 3. 电　脑←→ADSL路由器的LAN口 4. 电　脑←→集线器或交换机 UTP Connectors 7.1.2 Coaxial Cable(同轴电缆) 7.1.2 Coaxial Cable 7.1.2 Coaxial Cable(同轴电缆) Coa