外科学与免疫学SurgeryImmunology[001].docVIP

外科学与免疫学Surgery Immunology 基本概念Basic Principles 概念 Concepts 免疫: Immune: 免除传染protect from pathogens 免疫性 Immunity: 抗感染的能力Capacity of defense infection 免疫应答 Immune response : response of recognition and elimination antigenicity foreign material 免疫学 Immunology: The science study on the structure function of the immune system Science of self-nonself discrimination 天然免疫与获得性免疫Adaptive and Innate immunity 天然免疫 机体与生具有的抵抗外来病原的防御系统 无特异性, 包括Including barriers，Basic barrier: skin, mucosa，Physical barrier: body temp, ph Phagocytes，Inflammation Adaptive or Specific Immune response Highly specific for a particular pathogen Specific Muti-type Remember/ memory Transferable 免疫应答的三个时相Three phases of immune response Recognition: Ag recognized by lymphocytes Activation: lymphocytes activation Response: Lymphocytes coordinate an immune response that eliminates the source of the Ag 免疫系统Immune System Organs of the Immune System 免疫器官 Cells of the Immune System 免疫细胞 Molecule of the Immune System 免疫分子 Lymphoid Tissues Primary lymphoid organs Thymus——T cell mature fetal liver Bone marrow Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues Spleen lymph nodes and lymphatic system Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Cells of the Innate Immune System Phagocytes Mononuclear phagocytes Polymorphs Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils and mast cells Platelets Natural killer (NK) cells Cells of the Adaptive Immune System Lympho cytes T cells， αβT γδT Suppressor T B cells Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Molecules of immune sys immunoglobulin / BCR TCR complement cytokines adhesion molecules MHC TCR The αβ TCR heterodimer forms the recognition unit of the receptor CD3 complex associates with the αβand γδforms of the TCR MHC MHC I molecules consist of an MHC-encoded heavy chain bound to β2-microglobalin β2-M is essential for expression of MHC I molecules Heavy chainα1 α2 domains form the Ag-binding groove Variations in aa sequence change the shape of the binding groove MHC II