7.从句 A词性从句.doc

七、从句 A．名词性从句 名词性从句（Noun Clause）在句子中起名词作用，根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，这类从句又可分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和形容词补语从句。由于名词从句和名词作用相同，因此，可用作句子的主语、表语、宾语和介词宾语等。 1. 主语从句 (1) that引导的主语从句 that引导的主语从句可以位于句首， 而常见的形式是将作形式主语用的先行词it置于句首。 That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他来参加讨论是肯定无疑的。 That mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions in human knowledge is widely accepted 数学是人类知识中最有用和最令人着迷的部分之一，这一点受到了广泛的认可。 It is strange that she did not come yesterday. 很奇怪，她昨天没有来。 It is a pity that Mr Brown can’t attend our English meeting. 真可惜，布朗先生不能出席我们的英语晚会。 (2) 连接代词和连接副词以及连接词whether引导的主语从句 Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这事会对我们有害还是有益，还要等等看。 Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。 Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.． 为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大，这事很有趣。 疑问词引导的主语从句可以位于句首，也可以借助于先行词it后置。如： Whether or not an object floats depends on the density of both the object and the water. 一个物体是否会浮起，既取决于该物体的密度，又取决于水的密度。 (3) 名词性关系代词what， whatever， whichever， whoever引导的主语从句。 Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。 Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. (你们中)谁先来谁得奖。 What one thinks and feels is mainly due to tradition， habit and education. 一个人的思想和感情主要归因于传统、习惯和教育。(What=the thing which/that) 2. 表语从句 (1) that引导的表语从句 My idea is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你该好好利用你的时间。 The reason Tom failed in the exam was that he didn’t work hard. 汤姆考试没过的原因是学习不努力。 (2) 连接代词和连接副词以及连接词whether引导的表语从句 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening. 问题在于我们能不能在明天晚上以前完成这项工作。 (引导表语从句的whether不能换作if） That is why she had a day –off yesterday . 那就是她昨天请假的原因。 (3) as if等引导的表语从句 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。 I felt as though my head were splitting. 我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。 注：除了as if/as though之外，从属连词as 和 because 也可以引导表语从句。 Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总是如其表象。 It may be because he is too busy .这可能是因为他太年轻了。 It is because he doesn’t know hers.这是由于他不认识她。 3. 宾