虚拟语气 与rather than 用法.docVIP

虚拟语气的用法 含义：表示与事实相反或者实现的可能性微乎其微、几乎为零或者表示一种坚持、命令、要求和建议或者在固定句型中等。 分类：一般虚拟语气和特殊虚拟语气。 用法： ⒈一般虚拟语气的用法 ㈠遵循的原则： 对一般现在时虚拟用一般过去时 对一般过去时虚拟用过去完成时 对过去完成时虚拟用过去完成时 对一般将来时虚拟用过去将来时 …… ㈡表现形式： ⑴条件句中的虚拟语气。 eg:If he were indoors,he wouldn’t feel cold. ⑵wish后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 eg:①I wish I were a bird. ②I wish she had taken my advice. ⑶would rather后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 eg:①I’d rather you paid the money yourself. ②I’d rather she hadn’t done that. ⑷If only（要是……就好了；但愿）+句子中的虚拟语气。 eg:If only I were a flying bird. If only I had seen the film. If only Mr. Wang were here now,you would not be punished. ⑸as if/though，even if/though从句中的虚拟语气。（注：在as if引导的从句中，如果从句所说的内容是真实的或可能是真实的，应用真实语气；如果从句所说的内容与事实相反或非真实情况，应用虚拟语气。） eg:①He talks as if he knew all about it. ②Even if he were here,he couldn’t solve the problem. ③He talks as if he were drunk. ⑹含蓄虚拟条件句：介词短语without、but for、otherwise等可替代虚拟条件句，表达虚拟语气。 注：在对be(am/is/are)动词虚拟时，一律用were来表示。 eg:①But for your help,we couldn’t have succeeded. ②She wasn’t feeling well,otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early. ⒉特殊虚拟语气的用法 ㈠遵循的原则：从句一般用（should）+v原形来表示。 ㈡表现形式： ⑴一坚定二命令三要求四建议，后跟特殊虚拟语气作宾语。（注：insist如果坚持的是一种事实时，应用真实语气；如果坚持的是一种主张时，应用虚拟语气。suggest如果意为“暗示，表明”时，从句应用真实语气。）注：这些动词所对应的名词形式也需用特殊虚拟语气。另外，对应的名词形名词idea等所构成的从句中也应该用虚拟语气。 eg:①He insisted that we (should) take our teacher’s advice. ②The manager demanded that Tom (should) finish it in a week. ③I suggest that you (should) have enough sleep. ④My idea is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it together. ⑤Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off. ⑵在句型“It’s important/necessary/essential/vital/proper/right/impossible/strange/natural/a pity/a shame/a surprise/an honor+that从句。”中，that从句要用特殊虚拟语气。 eg:It’s very important that we (should) think before we decide. 但在句型“It’s strange(surprising/unthinkable,etc) +that从句”中，should常译为“竟然”，表示一种不可思议的状况。 eg:It’s surprising that you (should) waste so much time. ⒊虚拟语气的特殊用法 ⑴在“It’s (high)t