第六章 Bulk Metallic Glass A New Engineering Material.pptVIP

Metallurgy beyond FeBulk Metallic Glass: A New Engineering Material Isabella Gallino and Ralf Busch ? Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Saarbrücken, Germany Abundance of elements on Earth Stability of metal oxides Evolution of metals Three Classes of Structural Materials: Metals, Ceramics, Polymers Glasses are Frozen-Liquids Critical cooling rates and thicknesses for different materials TTT diagrams “Conventional” metallic glasses (1959-1984) a) AuSi NbNi ZrCu critical cooling rates: 105-106 K/s FeB etc….. Bulk metallic glasses b) Ni-Pd-P [Turnbull, Drehman, Greer (1984)] La-Al-Ni [Inoue and co-workers (1991)] Mg-Cu-Y Zr-Al-Ni-Cu critical cooling rate: 100 K/s etc….. c) Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be [Johnson and co workers (1993)] Zr-Ti-Al-Cu-Ni critical cooling rate: 1 K/s etc…… Bulk metallic glass forming liquids Multicomponent eutectic alloys with strong negative heat of mixing Glass forming ability Nucleation rate Engineering properties of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5(VitreloyTM) Blow molding So far we have only talk about the crystalline state but of course there is another state of condensed matter, which is the liquid state or also called amorphous state. And if we undercool a liquid without crystallization we form an amorphous solid or glass. In fact, if we look at the three classes of structural materials, metals, ceramic, and polymers, we notice that in ceramics and polymers the glassy state is commonly obtained. Silicate glass objects, such as bottles or vases have been successfully processed for several thousands of years. This success is attributed to the fact that we can very easily shape them in their undercooled liquid state which we know as GLASS-BLOWING. Also polymers can be shaped very easily by so-called BLOW-MOLDING like these plastic bottles. Up to recently in metals we always dealt with the crystalline state, and here we see one of the few examples were a crystalline metal can be easily deformed, by superp