(原版)栓剂在临床应用中的新进展.docVIP

栓剂在临床应用中的新进展 摘要 关键词：；；；。 uppositories New Progress In Clinical Application Author: Zhang Ya Nan 　　　 Tutror: Abstract With the continuous development of suppositories dosage forms in recent years, the pharmaceutical research constantly improve itself, and patients in drug safety, stability and treatment needs to improve, the research and development of the suppositories also ushered in a new boom. To promote the quality of new type suppository and improve become the focus and direction of the development of suppositories. Common suppositories in blood drug concentration in the process of drug use is not stable, easy deliquescence, oxidation and deterioration. In order to meet the needs of the clinical, new suppository can improve the bioavailability, and had the obvious sustained release characteristics of good stability, the ordinary suppository has obvious advantages. New types of medicinal materials and preparation technology is penetrating into the preparation of suppository. Research suppository on new progress in the clinical treatment, has become the indispensable to pharmaceutical workers work, has a very significant for the development of the suppositories. Key words: New suppository; Clinical treatment; Suppositories progress; Bioavailability; First an effect 目 录 1栓剂的应用 1 1.1栓剂的应用概况与研究进展 1 1.2栓剂的作用特点 1 1.2.1局部作用 1 1.2.2全身作用 1 2新型栓剂 2 2.1中空栓剂 2 2.1.1糊精包合物中空栓 2 2.1.2自乳化中空栓 3 2.1.3固状离散型空心栓状物 3 2.1.4中空泡腾栓 4 2.2微囊栓剂 4 2.3 两层栓状药剂 5 2.4中药栓剂 6 2.4.1肛门中药栓 6 2.4.2阴道中药栓 7 3结 语 8 致谢 参考文献 1.栓剂的应用 栓剂是药物与适宜的机制混合后制成专供不同腔道给药的一种固体的制剂。 1.1栓剂的应用概况与研究进展 在我国，栓剂有着非常悠久的历史，古时又称为坐药或者塞药。张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》中记载有蜜煎导方，就是应用于通便的肛门栓。葛洪的《肘后备急方》中也有用半夏和水制成丸剂纳入鼻中的鼻用栓剂，和用巴豆鹅脂制成的耳用栓剂等。还有《本草纲目》《千金方》等等都均有记述，是最古老的剂型之一。早在公元前的古埃及《伊伯氏草本》也已经记载。栓剂的形状与大小也是各不相同，有圆锥形，圆柱形，鱼雷形，球形，卵形，鸭嘴形等等。它在人的体内吸收快，起效快，作用时间延长，并且可以促进药物的吸收。 在过去，栓剂仅仅用于局麻剂，抗痔药，泻药或者杀虫剂等等的使用。随着栓剂的制备工艺水平不断提高，生产技术也大大加强，更是有着许多新型基质的出现，新型栓剂的研发与使用，也迎来了一次