TUV 德国莱茵技术 六西格码培训资料3.2 Measurement System.ppt

Chapter 3.2Measurement Systems Analysis测量系统分析 Sources of Measurement Variation Possible Sources of Process Variation Accuracy Accuracy — Does the average of the measurements deviate from the true value? True value: Theoretically correct value NIST standards Bias Distance between average value of all measurements and true value Amount gage is consistently off target Systematic error or offset  BIAS — Is the difference between the observed average of the measurement and the reference value. The reference-value is the value that serves as an agreed-upon reference. The reference value can be determined by averaging several measurements with a higher level (e.g., metrology lab) of measuring equipment.  Precision Total variation in the measurement system Measure of natural variation of repeated measurements Terms: Random Error, Spread, Test/Retest error Repeatability and Reproducibility Precision: Repeatability The inherent variability of the measurement system Variation in measurements obtained with a gage when used several times by one operator while measuring a characteristic on one part. Estimated by the pooled standard deviation of the distribution of repeated measurements Repeatability is less than the total variation of the measurement system Precision: Reproducibility Operator variability of the measurement system Variation in the average of the measurements made by different operators using the same gage when measuring a characteristic on one part Estimated by the standard deviation of the difference in averages, based on measurements taken by different operators Must be adjusted for gage variation Reproducibility is less than the total variation of the measurement system Linearity Difference in the accuracy values of a gage through the expected operating range of the gage Stability The distribution of measurements remains constant and predictable over time for both mean and standard deviation Total variation in the measurements obtained with a g