桃敋湵-ifStatements.pptVIP

Programming if Statements Review: Rules for Division C++ treats integers different than doubles. 100 is an int. 100.0 , 100.0000, and 100. are doubles. The general rule for division of int and double types is: double/double - double (normal) double/int - double (normal) int/double - double (normal) int/int - int (special case: any decimal places discarded) Rules for Division Example : 220. / 100.0 double/double - double result is 2.2 220. / 100 double/int - double result is 2.2 220 / 100.0 int/double - double result is 2.2 220 / 100 int/int - int result is 2 Summary: division is normal unless both the numerator and denominator are int, then the result is an int (the decimal places are discarded). Forcing a Type Change You can change the type of an expression with a cast operation Syntax: variable1 = type(variable2); variable1 = type(expression); Example: int x=1, y=2; double result1 = x/y; // 1/2 = 0 - 0.0 double result2 = double(x)/y; // 1.0/2 = 0.5 - 0.5 double result3 = x/double(y); // 1/2.0 = 0.5 - 0.5 double result4 = double(x)/double(y); // 1.0/2.0 - 0.5 double result5 = double(x/y); // double(1/2) = double(0) - 0.0 int cents = int(result4*100); // cents is 50 Three Program Structures Sequence - executable statements which the computer processes in the given order Choice - sequence(s) selected depending on some condition if condition exists{ do P } Iteration - repetitively executed sequences while condition exists{ do P } Sequence It is natural to write a program as a sequence of program structures such as sequences, choices, and iterations Choice Constructs Provide Ability to control whether a statement list is executed Two constructs if statement if if-else if-else-if switch statement The Basic if Statement Syntax if(Expression) Action If the Expression is true then execute Action Action is either a single statement or a group of statements within braces Example: absolute value if(value 0) valu