Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative Logics-英文文献.pdfVIP

Nonmonotonic Reasoning Preferential Mo dels and Cumulative Logics  y z x Sarit Kraus Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor Abstract Many systems that exhibit nonmonotonic b ehavior have b een describ ed and studied already in the literature The general notion of nonmonotonic reasoning though has almost always b een describ ed only negatively by the prop erty it do es not enjoy ie monotonicity We study here general patterns of nonmonotonic reasoning and try to isolate prop erties that could help us map the eld of nonmonotonic reasoning by reference to p ositive prop erties We concentrate on a numb er of families of nonmonotonic consequence relations dened in the style of Gentzen Both pro oftheoretic and semantic p oints of view are develop ed in parallel The former p oint of view was pioneered by D Gabbay in while the latter has b een advo cated by Y Shoham in Five such families are dened and characterized by representation theorems relating the two p oints of view One of the families of interest that of preferential relations turns out to have b een studied by E Adams in The pr eferential mo dels prop osed here are a much stronger to ol than Adams probabilisti c semantics The basic language used in this pap er is that of prop ositiona l logic The extension of our results to rst order predicate calculi and the study of the computational complexity of the decision problems describ ed in this pap er will b e treated in another pap er Intro duction Nonmonotonic reasoning Nonmonotonic log