Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons-英文文献.pdfVIP

INVITED REVIEW Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons WOLFRAM SCHULTZ Institute of Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. is called rewards, which elicit and reinforce approach behav- J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor ior. The functions of rewards were developed further during blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and drugs of abuse suggest the evolution of higher mammals to support more sophisti- that midbrain dopamine systems are involved in processing reward cated forms of individual and social behavior. Thus biologi- information and learning approach behavior. Most dopamine neu- cal and cognitive needs define the nature of rewards, and rons show phasic activations after primary liquid and food rewards and conditioned, reward-predicting visual and auditory stimuli. the availability of rewards determines some of the basic They show biphasic, activation-depression responses after stimuli parameters of the subject’s life conditions. that resemble reward-predicting stimuli or are novel or particularly Rewards come in various physical forms, are highly variable salient. However, only few phasic activations follow aversive stim- in time and depend on the particular environment of the subject. uli. Thus dopamine neurons label environmental stimuli with appe- Despite their importance, rewards do not influence the brain titive value, predict and detect rewards and signal alerting and through dedicated peripheral receptors tuned to a limited range motivating eve