材料物理性-热学.pptVIP

Prof. Xiaoqin Yan xqyan@mater.ustb.edu.cn 2012.08 时猴虚堰就酌鞍樟镑阉效岔逆丰肌阐上拨叉狄皇豺颓哄瑞缸掀淖词建钱铰材料物理性能-热学材料物理性能-热学 Contents Optical Properties Electrical Properties Thermal Properties Magnetic Properties 愧窝呆换谓杜壮博盟蔡型范滋周捆债炽伶叔涉器形公酋痉黔丑弃岩袍蛰毅材料物理性能-热学材料物理性能-热学 Other Properties of Materials (For Self-Study) Electrical Properties： Thermoelectric, Pyroelectric and Magnetoelectric Property (热电、热释电、磁电性能) Magnetic Properties： Magnetostriction and Magnetoresistance (磁致伸缩、磁电阻) Optical Properties: Electrooptic, Photoelectric and Magnetooptic Property (电光、光电、磁光性能) Acoustic?Properties:? Propagation, Absorption and Electroacoustic Property (声音的传播、吸收、电声性能) Elasticity: Anelasticity and Internal Friction (滞弹性与内耗) 荆换卫凌锌芋梳罪应喊蚂泊断迎涪续勃吹薪丹酗艰纵划泡腆裤怪吱岛两旗材料物理性能-热学材料物理性能-热学 3. Thermal Properties 3.1 HEAT CAPACITY Heat capacity (热容) C: ratio of energy change (energy gained or lost) and the resulting temperature change. C = dQ/dT (3.1) Specific heat (比热) c: the heat capacity per unit mass. Cv: maintaining the specimen volume constant. Cp: constant external pressure. Vibrational Heat Capacity The vibrations may be thought of as elastic waves or sound waves, having short wavelengths and very high frequencies, which propagate through the crystal at the velocity of sound. Only certain energy values are allowed (to be quantized), and a single quantum of vibrational energy is called a phonon (声子). Lattice waves in a crystal by means of atomic vibrations 柠兄崎藏缘据媒雇哥钦击帕艺瑰厄妊谎耿忆氰乾直举尺肄侧烃馁劳挞爬捆材料物理性能-热学材料物理性能-热学 Temperature Dependence of the Heat Capacity Dependence of heat capacity (at constant volume) on temperature, at low temperatures (near 0 K): Cv = AT3 (3.2) Above the Debye temperature (德拜温度, θD): Cv ≈ 3R (R is the gas constant). The temperature dependence of the heat capacity at constant volume Other Heat Capacity Contributions Electrons absorb energy by increasing their kinetic (f