胡壮麟语言学Exercise 2.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 1. _____ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech. Articulatory 2. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _____ coming from the lungs. airstream Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 3. Consonant sounds can be either _____ or _____, while all vowel sounds are _____. voiced; voiceless; voiced 4. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing _____. friction Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 5. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _____ and the lips. tongue 6. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _____ to which that part of the tongue is raised. height Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 7. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _____. obstruction 8. In phonological analysis the words fail - veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _____. minimal pairs Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 9. In English there are a number of _____, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. diphthongs 10. _____ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually showing the influence of their neighbors. Coarticulation Exercises I. Fill in the blanks. 11. _____ is the smallest linguistic unit. Phoneme 12. According to _____, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda. the maximal onset principle Exercises II. Choose the best answer. 13. Pitch variation is known as _____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice A 14. Conventionally a _____ is p