050007英语2_语法3定语从句_1009.pptVIP

;定 语 从 句 用作定语的从句叫定语从句(attributive clause)。定语从句用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词，被修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句通常放在先行词后面。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose等在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词when, where, why等在定语从句中作状语。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词修饰人或物，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 e.g. He is a man who always helps others. (作主语) A prosperity which / that we’ve never seen before appears in the countryside. (作宾语) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. (作定语) ;2. 使用关系代词引导的定语从句中要注意的问题 1) 关系代词的省略 a. 关系代词作直接宾语时可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom) you saw just now is my boss. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的老板。 The fish (which / that) I caught yesterday disappeared. 我昨天抓的那条鱼不见了。 b. 关系代词位于介词后作宾语时，不能省略。介词位于句尾时，关系代词可以省略。 e.g. This is the boy with whom I played. (whom不能省略) This is the boy (whom) I played with. (whom可以省略) This is the room in which my daughter was born. (which不能省略) This is the room (which) my daughter was born in. (which可以省略) ;2) 关系代词that和which的用法区别。 先行词指物的时候，关系代词that和which 都可以用来作主语宾语，但是： a. 当关系代词兼指人和物的时候，一般用that。 e.g. He was watching the children and parcels that filled the small room. 他望着挤满小房间的孩子和包裹。 b. 如果先行词是all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none, anyone等不定代词，关系代词一般只能用that。 e.g. That is all (that) I could say. 那就是我所能说的。 She likes everything that is modern. 她喜欢所有时髦的东西。 c. 如果先行词是带有形容词最高级或序数词或last, any, few, much, no , some, little, very, only等限定词修饰时，关系代词一般只能用that。 e.g. This is the best movie that I have ever seen. He was the only person that was present at the time. She is the first girl that passed the running test. ;d. 如果定语从句中的动词、名词、形容词所带的介词）在关系代词前，关系代词要用which。 e.g. This is the funny cat of which I am speaking. 这就是我正说起的那只有趣的猫。 e. 非限制性定语从句修饰物时，先行词要用which。 e.g. Beijing, which was China’s capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京作为中国首都有八百多年了，它有着非常丰富的文化和历史文物。 ;二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why 也可以引导定语从句，并在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点和原因等。关系副词的意思相当于“介词+ which结构”，例如：when相当于at which, in which, during which等；w