TEM-4 年语法考点(第一章 非谓语动词 ).ppt

TEM-4 历年语法考点;第一章 非谓语动词 ;动词不定式 ;Not to advance in study is to go back. （不定式否定形式） 【注】不定式作主语时，常常用it代替它作形式主语，不定式则放在谓语之后。 e.g. It would be wrong for her to marry for money. （不定式带逻辑主语） It takes time and perseverance to master the skills. ;2.作表语 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等 e.g. She is to start the performance next month. （表示“安排”） You must be fully concentrated on your study if you are to pass the examination. （表示“愿望”） Nobody is to know the decision made in the meeting today. （禁止）;用于被动语态，相当于can (could), should, ought to, must,具有情态意义。 e.g. He is not to be feared. （相当于should not be） This kind of skirt is nowhere to be found this year. (相当于 can’t be) Once announced, the regulations are to be observed without exception. （相当于must） ;3.作宾语 1) 常见的用不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, attempt, bother, believe, care, choose, claim, come, consent, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, decline, expect, elect, endeavor, fail, hesitate, offer, happen, help, hope, hesitate, hurry, intend, seek, learn, long, mean（打算）, manage, neglect, take the trouble, tend, offer, pledge, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, wish, refuse, seem, resolve, swear, tend, undertake, volunteer, wait等。;这一类词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、同意等。 e.g. I cannot afford to rent an apartment near my company. He intended to display this picture in the show next month. ;2) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider, regard 等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，后面加形容词或名词或介词短语等作补语，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放后面，构成v + it +adj. /n. /prep. phrase + to do sth. 结构。 e.g. I believe it best to leave the whole matter to his discretion. She regards it as of great importance to be able to travel around the world. ;介词后一般不用不定式作宾语，只有几个介词后可接不定式，如： about, but, except, instead of , save, than等 e.g. They were about to leave when the phone rang. ;4.作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语， 在句中构成动词+宾语+不定式（宾语补足语）。E.g. He has arranged for your room to be cleaned within one hour. I prefer him not to go to Beijing at this time. ;常见的用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell, advise , prefer, warn, ask, expect, order等；动词词组有