大二语法。第章。动词专讲.pptVIP

Chapter Eight Verb;8.1动词概述;Time:现在、过去、将来、过去将来 Aspect：一般，进行，完成，完成进行 Voice:用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。（Active Voice/ Passive Voice） Mood:说话人的意图，包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 注：动词的时和体共同构成了时态(Tense);8.2 动词的分类; 有些动词有跨类现象如： The fish is fresh from water. You don’t have to smell it. The milk is going bad. It smells. This dish smells delicious. smell 在以上第一例中是及物动词，在第二例是不及物动词，而在第三例中则是连系动词。 系动词的相关用法请看书上148页;8.3情态动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法;Unertain might That might be George. may could can should ought to would will Certain must That must be George.;2) 能作推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征 能作推测性用法的情态助动词一般都有以下句法特征： a) 其后的不定式可以采取完成体形式。例如： You must have thought about that. You must have been disappointed. b) 其后的不定式可以采取进行体形式。例如： He must be working late at the office. He must be calling tonight.;c) 可以用于there-存在句。例如： There must be some mistake. There must have been some mistake. d) 其后的不定式为一般形式（既非完成体或进行体形式）时通常是静态动词。例如： He must be there. He must understand that we mean business. e) 主语可以是表示无生命物的名词词组。例如： It must be George. ;8.4 动词的形式;不定式;由-ing分词开首的动词词组有以下几种形式：;8.5 动词的时体形式;时态形式;时态形式;8.5.1将来进行时 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 将来进行时一般不带有情态含义。试比较： I will be talking with him about the plan this evening. (将来预测) I will talk with him about the plan this evening. (主观意愿);8.5.2 过去将来进行时 I told him I would be waiting for him here at six the next evening. 8.5.3 将来完成时 By the end of 2015 she will have studied English for ten years. 8.5.4 现在完成进行时 We have been waiting for her for three hours, but she still hasn’t days.;8.5.5 过去完成进行时 He had been staying in that room for two years, and finally he was set free. He told me he had been reading a novel. 8.5.6 将来完成进行时 He will have been teaching in that school for ten years when the school ha