SplineInterpretationABC分析.pptVIP

Spline Interpretation ABC Introduction and outline Based mostly on Wikipedia Spline Interpretation Spline is a flat flexible strip of thin narrow piece of wood, metal, or plastic used in drawing curved. Mathematically, spline means curve fitting mostly using certain piecewise low degree polynomials. The main reason to use low degree polynomial is to avoid Runge’s phenomenon. Runge’s Phenomenon Runge’s PhenomenonRed: data; blue: 5th order; green: 9th order Runge’s Phenomenon Definition of Spline Linear Spline Quadratic Spline Quadratic Spline Cubic Spline Cubic Spline Cubic Spline Hermite Spline Hermite Spline Hermite spline Hermite spline Hermite spline Hermite spline In general, cubic spline does not guarantee monotonicity even for monotonic data. Hermite monotonic spline, however, guarantees monotonicity between data points. The advantage is the elimination of overshoots. The prices to pay are these: we no longer have the smoothness of continuity in curvature and we have to inject another subjective idea of monotonic and/or variations. Comparisons between Cubic Natural and Hermite Splines An Example Data Envelopes of Maxima Envelopes of Minima Mean of Max and Min Envelopes Difference between Mean of Max and Min Envelopes First Proto-IMF B-Spline Something used extensively by Computer Aided Design (CAD), but we have found limited use of it. Bézier Curve Bézier Curve Cubic Bezier Bases Bézier Curve An example Rational Bézier Curve B-Spline A B-spline is a generalization of the Bézier Curve; A B-spline with no internal knots is a Bézier Curve. It is generated through Cox-de Boor recursion formula. A further generalization is NURBS: NonUniform Rational B-Spline. See for example, David F. Rogers: An Introduction to NURBS. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2001 B-Spline Properties of B-Spline A B-spline could have degree n; control points, p; and knots, m, each independent to others, but m ≥ p. It is much more flexible. For n=3, p=10, and m=14, we have B-spline