Theeffectofshipshapeandanemometerlocationonwind分析.pptVIP

The effect of ship shape and anemometer location on wind speed measurements obtained from ships Wind speed measurements can be severely biased by the presence of the ship CFD can be used to predict/correct wind speed measurements OUTLINE Background Description of the CFD code CFD code validation Results research ships (individual ships) tankers/bulk carriers/general cargo ships (generic modelling approach) Container ships Conclusions Background Research ships limited coverage, but measurements of high quality. Merchant ships routinely report meteorological parameters at sea surface (wind speed and direction) Data used in satellite validation, ocean atmosphere modelling forcing and climate research Background: impact of flow distortion on climate studies 10 % error in mean wind speed 27 % bias in the momentum exchange 10 % bias in the heat exchange CFD code description Commercial RANS solver VECTIS Mesh generation Non-uniform Cartesian mesh (generate 500,000 cells/hour) 3-dimensional and isothermal MEAN FLOW ONLY (STEADY STATE) RNG turbulence model Simulations based on up to 600,000 cells All results normalised by the wind speed profile at the measurement site VALIDATION Comparison to 2 previous wind tunnel studies Martinuzzi and Tropea (1993) Minson et al. (1995) Comparison to in situ wind speed measurements made from a ship Moat et al. (2005) Validation: channel flow over a surface mounted cube Good comparison with RNG Validation: boundary layer flow over a surface mounted cube Good comparison with RNG Validation: comparison with in situ wind speed measurements Agreement to within 4% Accuracy of CFD simulations Comparisons of simulations show variations of: Mesh density (1 %) Turbulence model (2 %) Scaling the geometry (3 %) Wind speed profile (4 %) VECTIS agrees to 4?% or better with in situ wind speed data RESULTS: research ships Project running since 1994 Over 11 ships have been studied American, British, Canadian, French and German Present results from well ex