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引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在中文中没有出现，如： Charlotte and Emily Bront? were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 作者姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则没有必要在括号夹注中重复作者的姓，如： Taylor (1990) claims that Charlotte and Emily Bront? were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，不需要使用括号夹注，如： In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bront? were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 在用英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需要汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如：（Zhang, 2005） 引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。例如： Emily Bront? “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988, 11). Newmark (1988, 39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions). 注意：在这些例子中引文超过一页时的页码标记方法：（1988, 39-40）。 假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复，如： Taylor writes that Emily Bront? “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (1988, 11). 引用多位作者写作的同一文献 两位作者： Research (Yamada Matsuura, 1982) reports the poor performance of advanced English learners who could use English articles correctly only in 70 percent of the cases. 三至五位作者： 第一次引用： According to educational psychologists, raising children is a responsibility of the entire community (Franklin, Childs, Smith, 1995). 以后的引用：To be successful, “communities must be willing to take this responsibility” (Franklin et al., 1995, 135) 五位以上的作者： Patterns of byzantine intrigue have long plagued the internal politics of community co