5730图书馆_19_20世纪之交电磁学的发展和影响_.pdf

19—20 (Ⅰ)＊ 宋　佰　谦 (　　530022) 　　　“”.“” ,“”X . “”、. 、、., X , , , . , . 　　, , X , , , ON THE DEVELOPMENTAND INFLUENCE OFELECTROMAGNETISM ATTHE BEGINNINGOF THE 20th CENTURY SONG Bai-Qian (TheEconometrics Instituteof the Academy of SocialSciences of Guangxi, Nanning　530022, China) Abstract　　The development and impact of elect omagnetism at the beginning of the 20th centu y a e discussed f om the angle of the “tw o theo ies and tw o discove ies”.T he “tw o theo ies” efe to the elect on theo y of Lo entz and the elect omagnetism theo y of Einstein ′s elativity, the so-called “tw o discove ies”a e the discove y of the elect on and the discove y of X- ays.The backg ound, histo ical ole and limitations of Lo entz ′elect on theo y a e fi st analyzed.Einstein ′s evolutiona y efo m of classical elect omagnetism is then discussed as w ell as seve al issues explained by elect on theo y .Some impo tant expe iments follow ing the discove y of elect on, and X -ays a e also mentioned. eywords　　elect on theo y of Lo entz, elect omagnetism of Einstein′s elativity, elect on, X- ay, w ave- pa ticle duality, mate ial magnetism 　　1820 (H .C . : Oe sted ), , .- . , 19 .20 , 1　: (A .Einstein )-- , , 1892 , 1904 , , , (H .A .Lo entz ) ———, --“” ., 19 . (X 、) , X . ＊　2000-06-09 , 2000-07-14 30 (2001 )2 ·111 · , . Helmholtz )1879 1.1