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NeuroImage 55 (2011) 225–232 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: /locate/ynimg Associations and dissociations between default and self-reference networks in the human brain Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli ⁎,1, Joseph M. Moran 1, Alfonso Nieto-Castañón, Christina Triantafyllou, Rebecca Saxe, John D.E. Gabrieli Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Neuroimaging has revealed consistent activations in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate Received 2 August 2010 cortex (PCC) extending to precuneus both during explicit self-reference tasks and during rest, a period during Revised 11 November 2010 which some form of self-reference is assumed to occur in the default mode of brain function. The similarity Accepted 12 November 2010 between these two patterns of midline cortical activation may reflect a common neural system for explicit and Available online 25 November 2010 default-mode self-reference, but there is little direct evidence about the similarities and differences between the neural systems that mediate explicit self-reference versus default-mode self-reference during rest. In two Keywords: Functional magneti