化脓性中耳乳突炎并医发症.pptVIP

化脓性中耳乳突炎并发症 郑州大学第一附属医院耳鼻喉头颈外科董明敏 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 概述 化脓性中耳乳突炎可并发多种颅内、外并发症，简称耳源性并发症(otogenic complications)。重者危及生命，是耳鼻咽喉科的危急重症之一，值得重视。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 化脓性中耳炎乳突炎并发症的病因 发病原因主要是由于胆脂瘤型或骨疡型中耳炎急性发作、乳突骨质破坏严重、脓液引流不畅、机体抵抗力差、致病菌毒力较强、或对抗生素不敏感具抗药性等因素有关。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 传播途径 （一）循破坏、缺损的骨壁：此途径最常见。胆脂瘤可破坏鼓室盖、乳突盖、乙状窦骨板，使中耳的化脓性炎症直接向颅内蔓延；穿破乳突外侧壁骨质或乳突尖内侧骨壁，脓液顺此进入耳后骨膜下或颈深部，在局部形成脓肿。半规管或面神经骨管遭到破坏，可导致迷路炎或面神经麻痹。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 传播途径 （二）经正常的解剖途径或尚未闭合的骨缝：化脓性中耳炎的感染物和毒素可经前庭窗、蜗窗侵犯内耳。化脓性迷路炎可循蜗小管、前庭小管、内耳道等途径向颅内播散。小儿尚未闭合的骨缝（如岩鳞缝）亦为一传播途径。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 传播途径 （三）血行途径：中耳感染可直接通过血流，或随血栓性静脉炎蔓延至颅内，或并发的脓毒败血症引起远离脏器的化脓感染，如肺炎、肺脓肿等。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中耳乳突炎并发症感染途径示意图 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 分类 1．颅外并发症 2. 颞骨内并发症 3. 颅内并发症 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颅外并发症 有耳后骨膜下脓肿、耳前骨膜下脓肿、耳源性颈深部脓肿。  Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颞骨内并发症 有迷路炎、岩部炎、耳源性面神经麻痹。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颅内并发症 如硬脑膜外脓肿、乙状窦血栓性静脉炎、化脓性脑膜炎、脑脓肿、硬脑膜下脓肿、耳源性脑积水、脑炎、脑室炎以及脑疝等。其中以前4种较常见。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-201